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In this PhD dissertation Nishara Fernando focuses on the impact of forced relocation on the livelihoods of residents who lived in the city of Galle, Southern Province of Sri Lanka, prior to the 2004 tsunami. He further examines various livelihood strategies (i.e., coping and enhancement) employed against stresses and risks from forced relocation. Finally, by adopting a sociogeographical approach in three research locations, he attempts to show how all these stresses and risks have increased social vulnerability.

United Nations University Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS)